Erisma spp. (Cambará)
Nomenclature etc. VOCHYSIACEAE. E. uncinnatum Warm., E. calcaratum (Link) Warm., E. lanceolatum Stafleu. Trade and local names: cambará, jaboty, j. da terra firme, quaruba-rana, q. vermelha, cedrinho (BR); singri kwari, warapa kwarie (SME); letèballi bèlèro (GUY); mureíllo (YV); man onti kouali, kokopaie (GUF). Status of protection under CITES regulations: not protected.
Tree. Geographic distribution: tropical South America.
General. Heartwood basically brown to red (light). Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Basic specific gravity 0.5–0.7 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels in multiples, commonly short (2–3 vessels) radial rows. Average tangential vessel diameter (120–)170–350 µm. Average number of vessels/mm² 1–6. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 8–11 µm, vestured or not vestured (pits vestured according to MILLER, not vestured according to CARLQUIST). Vessel-ray pits with reduced borders or apparently simple, rounded or angular (mostly oval), of uniform size or type. Tyloses in vessels present, thinwalled.
Tracheids and fibres. Fibres of medium wall thickness. Fibre pits mainly restricted to radial walls, simple to minutely bordered or distinctly bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma banded. Axial parenchyma bands bands much wider than rays, fine, up to three cells wide or coarse, more than three cells wide, 2 per radial mm. Phloem islands embedded in parenchyma bands. Axial parenchyma paratracheal. Paratracheal axial parenchyma unilateral paratracheal. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per axial parenchyma strand 3–6.
Rays. Rays 4–10 per tangential mm, multiseriate, also if only few, 1–3 cells wide. Rays composed of two or more cell types. Heterocellular rays square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows. Number of marginal rows of upright or square cells 1, or 2–4, or more than 4. Disjunctive ray parenchyma end walls distinct. Uniseriate rays frequent and composed solely of upright cells; codes 80–83 apply to multiseriate rays only.
Cambial variants. Included phloem present, diffuse.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals only in Erisma calcaratum present, prismatic, located in axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica not observed.
Cite this publication as: H. G. Richter and M. J. Dallwitz (2000 onwards). 'Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval.' In English, French, German, and Spanish. Version: 4th May 2000. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/.
Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993 onwards, 1995 onwards, 1998) should also be cited (see General references).