Calophyllum spp. (Bintangor)
Nomenclature etc. GUTTIFERAE. C. floribundum Hook.f., C. inophyllum L., C. papuanum Laut., C. vitiense Turrill, Calophyllum spp. Trade and local names: bintangor (MAL, D), bitaog, kalofilum, kamdeb, tamanu, bakokol, entangor, mentangor (MAL), ponnyet, tharapi (BUR), domba-gassa (CL), bansangal, vutalau, zarumayen (RP), vintanina (RM), palo maría (RP, nur für C. inophyllum), Alexandrien laurel (IND, nur für C. inophyllum); andere Calophyllum-Arten kommen in Südamerika vor, werden jedoch unter anderen Namen gehandelt other Calophyllum species occur in tropical America and are traded under different names. Status of protection under CITES regulations: not protected.
Tree. Geographic distribution: India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indomalesia.
General. Growth ring boundaries distinct. Heartwood basically brown to red to white or grey. Sapwood colour distinct from heartwood colour. Basic specific gravity 0.43–0.6–0.8 g/cm³.
Vessels. Wood diffuse-porous. Vessels arranged in diagonal and/or radial pattern, exclusively solitary. Two distinct vessel diameter classes present. Average tangential vessel diameter 45–310 µm (large vessels: 145–190–310, small vessels: 45–80–125). Average number of vessels/mm² 6–10. Perforation plates simple. Intervessel pits alternate, average diameter (vertical) 6–7 µm. Vessel-ray pits with reduced borders or apparently simple, horizontal to vertical. Tyloses in vessels present, thinwalled.
Tracheids and fibres. Vascular or vasicentric tracheids commonly present. Fibres of medium wall thickness. Fibre pits common in both radial and tangential walls, distinctly bordered.
Axial parenchyma. Axial parenchyma banded. Axial parenchyma bands marginal (or seemingly marginal), fine, up to three cells wide. Axial parenchyma apotracheal and paratracheal. Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse-in-aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma vasicentric and confluent. Axial parenchyma as strands. Average number of cells per axial parenchyma strand 4–8.
Rays. Rays 10–13 per tangential mm, exclusively uniseriate (in few specimens also biserate). Rays composed of two or more cell types. Heterocellular rays square and upright cells restricted to marginal rows. Number of marginal rows of upright or square cells 1, or 2–4 (rarely).
Secretory structures. Intercellular canals rarely present, traumatic origin, radial type.
Mineral inclusions. Crystals present, prismatic, located in axial parenchyma cells. Crystal-containing axial parenchyma cells chambered. Number of crystals per cell or chamber one. Silica not observed.
Miscellaneous. • transverse section. Calophyllum sp..
Cite this publication as: H. G. Richter and M. J. Dallwitz (2000 onwards). 'Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval.' In English, French, German, and Spanish. Version: 4th May 2000. http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/.
Dallwitz (1980) and Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993 onwards, 1995 onwards, 1998) should also be cited (see General references).
