ENTRY       EC 5.99.1.3
NAME        DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
            Type II DNA topoisomerase
            DNA-gyrase
CLASS       Isomerases
            Other isomerases
SYSNAME     DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing)
REACTION    ATP-dependent breakage, passage and rejoining of double-stranded
            DNA
SUBSTRATE   Double-stranded DNA
            ATP
PRODUCT     Double-stranded DNA
            ADP
            Orthophosphate
INHIBITOR   Novobiocin
            GRI22222X
            Coumermycin A1
            Nalidixic acid
            Ciprofloxacin
COMMENT     The enzyme can introduce negative superhelical turns into
            double-stranded circular DNA. One unit has nicking-closing
            activity, and another catalyses super-twisting and hydrolysis of
            ATP (cf. EC 5.99.1.2 DNA topoisomerase).
            Inhibited by two groups of antibiotics, the coumarins and the
            quinolones.  The coumarins (e.g. novobiocin, coumermycin A1)
            act at the B subunit (Proc.Nat.Acad.Sci.U.S.A. 1978, 75,
            4838-4842).  The quinolones (e.g. nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin)
            act on the A subunit.  GRI22222X and cyclothialidine are a new
            class of inhibitor (Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 1994, 37,
            2656-2661).
DISEASE     MIM: 126430  Topoisomerase (DNA) II, alpha (170kD)
            MIM: 126431  Topoisomerase (DNA) II, beta (180kD)
            MIM: 208900  Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (includes
                         complementation groups A, C,; Ataxia-telangiectasia
                         (3); T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, sporadic (3);
                         B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, sporadic (3)
MOTIF       PS: PS00177  [LIVMA]-x-E-G-[DN]-S-A-x-[STAG]
GENES       MJA: MJ1512
            ECO: b2231(gyrA) b3699(gyrB)
            HIN: HI0567(gyrB) HI1264(gyrA)
            HPY: HP0501(gyrB) HP0701(gyrA)
            BSU: gyrA(nalA) gyrB(novA)
            MGE: MG003(gyrB) MG004(gyrA)
            MPN: K05_orf650(gyrB) K05_orf839o(gyrA)
            SYN: sll1941(gyrA) sll2005(gyrB) slr0417(gyrA)
            SCE: YNL088W(TOP2)
            HSA: TOP2B(Hs.75248)
DBLINKS     University of Geneva ENZYME DATA BANK: 5.99.1.3
            WIT (What Is There) Metabolic Reconstruction: 5.99.1.3
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