The Production of ATP-Synthetase Requires Genes that Are Encoded both by the Nucleus and the Organelles

The illustration shows that the subunits of ATP-synthethases of varying origins are encoded by genes located in different parts of the genome. From left to right: mitochondria of Neurospora, Saccharomyces, as well as chloroplasts. Colored: subunit is encoded by an organelle, gray: subunit is encoded by the nucleus. The results prove that the single compartments exchanged genes during the course of evolution.