Kingdom Plantae
Division Angiosperms: The Flowering Plants
Class Liliopsida: Monocotyledons
Subclass Arecidae:
The Arecidae, the smallest and least homogeneous subclass in the angiosperms, includes
four orders, of which three have only a single family and the fourth has three families.
Together the six families encompass about 4,800 species. Arranged from largest to
smallest, the orders are Arecales, including the Arecaceae, or Palmae, with 202 genera and
about 2,800 species; the Arales, including three families, the Araceae with 110 genera and
1,100 species, the Lemnaceae with 6 genera and 29 species, and the Acoraceae with 1 genus
and 2 species; the Pandanales, including one family, the Pandanaceae with 3 genera and
about 700 species; and the Cyclanthales, including the family Cyclanthaceae with 11 genera
and about 200 species.
The families were originally placed together on the basis of a woody habit with leaves in
terminal clusters and presumably similar inflorescence structure. Subsequent study,
however, has revealed that the architecture, leaf, inflorescence, flowers, and seeds are
structurally different in these families. The classification into separate orders reflects
their distinctiveness.
Superorder Areciforae
Order Arecales: order of flowering plants that contains only one family, the palms (Palmae). About 2,800 species are known.
Family Palmae
Classification of the Family Palmae*
| Subfamily | Tribe | Subtribe | Genus |
| Coryphoideae | Corypheae | Thrinacinae | Thrinax, Chelyocarpus, Crysophila, Itaya, Schippia, Thrinax, Coccothrinax, Zombia, Trachycarpus, Guihaia, Rhapis, Rhapidophyllum, Chamaerops, Maxburrietia |
| Livistoninae | Livistona, Pholidocarpus, Brahea, Johannesteijsmannia, Licuala, Pritchardia, Pritchardiopsis, Serenoa, Copernicia, Colpothrinax, Acoelorraphe, Washingtonia | ||
| Coryphinae | Corypha, Nannorrhops, Chuniophoenix, Kerriodoxa | ||
| Sabalinae | Sabal | ||
| Phoeniceae | Phoenix | ||
| Borasseae | Lataniinae | Borassodendron, Latania, Borassus, Lodoicea | |
| Hyphaeninae | Hyphaene, Medemia, Bismarckia | ||
| Calamoideae | Calameae | Ancistrophyllinae | Laccosperma, Eremospatha |
| Eugeissoninae | Eugeissona | ||
| Metroxylinae | Metroxylon, Korthalsia | ||
| Calaminae | Eleiodoxa, Salacca, Daemonorops, Calamus, Calospatha, Pogonotium, Ceratolobus, Retispatha | ||
| Plectocomiinae | Myrialepsis, Plectocomiopsis, Plectocomia | ||
| Pigafettinae | Pigafetta | ||
| Raphiinae | Raphia | ||
| Oncocalaminae | Oncocalamus | ||
| Lepidocaryeae | Mauritia, Mauritiella, Lepidocarym | ||
| Nyphoideae | Nypa | ||
| Ceroxyloideae | Cyclospaeae | Pseudophoenix | |
| Ceroxyleae | Ceroxylon, Oraniopsis, Juania, Louvelia, Ravenea | ||
| Hyophorbeae | Gaussia, Hyophorbe, Synecanthus, Chamaedorea, Wendlandiella | ||
| Arecoideae | Caryoteae | Arenga, Caryota, Wallichia | |
| Iriarteae | Iriarteinae | Dictyocaryum, Iriartella, Iriartea, Socratea | |
| Podococceae | Podococcus | ||
| Areceae | Oraniinae | Halmoorea, Orania | |
| Manicariinae | Manicaria | ||
| Leopoldiniinae | Leopoldinia | ||
| Malortieinae | Reinhardtia | ||
| Dypsidinae | Vonitra, [Chrysalidocarpus: now Dypsis], Neophloga, [Neodypsis: now Dypsis], Phloga, Dypsis | ||
| Euterpeinae | Euterpe, Prestoea, Neonicholsonia, Oecocarpus, Jessenia, Hyospathe | ||
| Roystoneinae | Roystonea | ||
| Archontophoenicinae | Archontophoenix, Chambeyronia, Hedyscepe, Rhopalostylis, Kentiopsis, Mackeea, Actinokentia | ||
| Cyrtostachydinae | Cyrtostachys | ||
| Linospadicinae | Calyptrocalyx, Linospadix, Howea, Laccospadix | ||
| Ptychospermatinae | Drymophloeus, Carpentaria, Veitchia, Normanbya, Wodyetia, Ptychosperma, Ptychococcus, Brassiophoenix, Balaka | ||
| Areninae | Loxococcus, Gronophyllum, Areca, Siphokentia, Hydriastele, Gulubia, Nenga, Pinanga | ||
| Iguanurinae | Neovetchia, Pelagodoxa, Iguanura, Brongniartikentia, Lepidorrhachis, Heterospathe, Sommieria, Bentinckia, Clinosperma, Cyphokentia, Moratia, Clinostigma, Alsmithia, Satakentia, Rhopaloblaste, Dictyosperma, Actniorhytis, Lavoixia, Alloschmidia, Cyphophoenix, Campecarpus, Basselinia, Cyphosperma, Veillonia, Burretiokentia, Physokentia, Goniocladus | ||
| Oncospermatinae | Deckenia, Acanthophoenix, Rocheria, Oncosperma, Tectiphiala, Verscheffeltia,Phoenicophorium, Nephrosperma | ||
| Sclerospermatinae | Sclerosperma, Marojejya | ||
| Genera of the tribe Areceae, but of uncertain affinity: Masoala, Carpoxylon | |||
| Cocoeae | Beccariophoenicinae | Beccariophoenix | |
| Butiinae | Butia, Jubaea, Jubaeopsis, Cocos, Syagrus, Lytocaryum, Parajubaea, Allagoptera, Polyandrococos | ||
| Attaleinae | Attalea [Scheelea, Orbignya, Maximiliana: these three genera are now included in Attalea] | ||
| Elaeidinae | Barcella, Elaeis | ||
| Bactridinae | Acrocomia, Gastrococos, Aiphanes, Bactris, Desmoncus, Astrocaryum | ||
| Geonomeae | Pholidostachys, Welfia, Calyptronoma, Calyptrogyne, Asterogyne, Geonoma | ||
| Phytelephantoideae | Palandra, Phytelephas, Ammandra |
Note: This classification introduced the new genera, Aphandra, Voaniola, and Lemurophoenix, and removed the following genera: Bismarckia to be included in Medemia; Louvelia to be included in Ravenea; Halmoorea to be included in Orania; Vonitra, Chrysalidocarpus, Neodypsis, and Phloga to be included in Dypsis; Prestoea to be included in Euterpe; Jessenia to be included in Oenocarpus; Scheelea, Orbignya, and Maximiliana to be included in Attalea; Marojejya to be included in Massoala; Palandra to be included in Phytelephas; Carpoxylon to be included in Iguanurinae.
References:
Stewart, L. 1994. A Guide to the Palms & Cycads of the World. Angus & Robertson, Sydney, Australia.
Click on the titles above (underlined references only) to purchase the books from Amazon.com.
| PACSOF Home Page | |||
| Virtual
Palm Encyclopedia Site Map Powered by FreeFind. |
|||
This site is copyrighted © 1998, 1999, 2000, Palm & Cycad Societies of
Florida (PACSOF)
For questions or comments, e-mail the webmaster.
Internet hosting provided by Zone 10,
Inc.