Biology 102
Spring, 1999
Study Guide #2 -
McShaffrey
- What are 4 main
causes of environmental impacts?
- How big is the human
population currently?
- What size is the
human population projected to level off at?
- How does
industrialization magnify the impacts of the
human population?
- How does the economic
well being of a country leverage its overall
environmental impact?
- What impacts does
agriculture have on the environment?
- What are 4 forms of
water pollution? Air Pollution?
- Why is loss of
diversity an environmental problem?
- How are agriculture
and water pollution linked?
- Distinguish between
bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
- What 4 things are
required for biomagnification to occur?
- How does DDT fit
these requirements?
- What is the half-life
of DDT?
- Who was Rachel
Carson?
- What are zooplankton?
- What are some
sub-lethal effects of DDT in birds?
- What materials aside
from DDT are known to biomagnify?
- What are 2 classes of
modern pesticides?
- In what way are they
better than DDT? Worse?
- What is IPM?
- What is resistance?
How does it develop?
- Can you answer the
questions from the biomagnification study guide?
- How is mercury
getting into remote lakes?
- How are acid rain and
mercury poisoning linked?
- Has the manufacture
of PCB’s been banned?
- What do the Clean Air
Act, the Clean Water Act, CERCLA, ESA, FIFRA,
NEPA, and RCRA legislate?
- How does a pioneer
community differ from a climax community in terms
of environment, biomass, energy consumption,
nutrient cycling, species diversity, etc.?
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- Where are temperate
deciduous forests, tropical rain forests, and
taiga found? What kinds of trees characterize
them? What about their climates? Soils?
- How are nutrients
cycled in a tropical rain forest?
- What are mycorrhizae?
- What are some causes
of forest destruction? What ecological impacts
result from deforestation?
- What are deserts
like? Why are temperature extremes so great
there?
- List adaptations of
plants and animals to desert life:
- What is homeostasis?
- What are some
parameters organisms try to maintain homeostasis
in?
- What are the 3 types
of photosynthesis? What enzymes does each use to
fix CO2? Which works best in the
desert?
- What is
photorespiration?
- Distinguish between
osmosis and diffusion.
- What osmotic problems
are faced by organisms on land? In freshwater? In
the ocean? How are these problems solved?
- What is excretion?
What chemical is being disposed of? Where does it
come from? Why don’t plants worry about
excretion as much as animals do?
- What are the 3
excretory molecules? When is each used? What are
the advantages and disadvantages of each in terms
of toxicity, water use, and energy?
- What excretory organs
exist besides kidneys?
- How do other organs
contribute to homeostasis?
- What causes deserts
to spread?
- How are water balance
and thermoregulation linked?
- How are water balance
and gas exchange linked?
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Other study hints:
- Know the definitions of all
boldface terms in the text. Use the glossary and make
flashcards.
- Know and be able to reproduce
and/or explain Figures 3.18, 6.13, 7.12, 7.15, 7.17,
19.20, 38.2, 38.4, 38.5,38.7, 38.8, and 38.13. Also, know
any figures placed on the board. I don't expect artistic
perfection, but rather a diagrammatic approach that
demonstrates that you know and understand the material.
- Be able to give specific
examples in answering general questions.
- Be able to make simple,
logical mathematical calculations (calculators
permitted).
- Material on the 2nd test
comes primarily from chapters 7 and 38 in Levine and
Miller. In the Cox supplement, questions are drawn from
Chapters 8, 9, and 22.
- Some material comes from
Chapters 19 (3 types of photosynthesis) and 34
(homeostasis) in Levine and Miller. Additional material
comes from the Stark and Jordan reading (Ecology),
the biomagnification handout, and the environmental laws
handout.
- Pay particular attention to
material on succession and symbiosis that did not make it
onto the first test. Likewise, it is very possible that
material on homeostasis and excretion might not make it
onto this test and will instead be covered on the next
test. Regardless of how far we get in class, you will be
responsible for all reading on the current test.
- All tests are cumulative. You
will see questions from earlier tests on subsequent ones,
and entirely new questions on old material are possible
(but not likely).
- Essay questions will ask you
to expand on the objective material mentioned above, or
to explain in more detail why some phenomena develop;
i.e. why (how) does succession proceed?
- Many of the questions above
will be on the test but they may be altered - read
carefully!
- There will be other questions
on the test - read your notes and the book!
- See the material on the web,
especially:
Re-write your
notes! - Ask questions in class! - Study with a friend. - Quiz
each other. - Get a good night's sleep before the test.
Study Hints
Try concept mapping: Get
some blank paper (try a recycling bin, use the back). Write down
a key term (biomagnification). Now, draw lines from the term to
blank areas on the page. Begin to add new information – 4
things that are necessary for biomagnification, 4 things that
biomagnify, etc. Make links to the new topics. Continue until the
paper is full. Start over with a new term.
Get in the Mood: Study
early and often. If you can’t find a quiet place, tune out
the background with lively, non-vocal music. A fast beat keeps
you motivated; vocal would distract from processing language
information (reading). Try Jazz or New-Age music, the same sort
of thing you would listen to for jogging. David Sanborn, David
Benoit, Peter White, Spyro Gyra, Mannheim Steamroller, even John
Tesh (really) are all good bets.