XVI International Botanical Congess

Mountains of temperate latitudes with rich and concentrated landscape spectrum are a cradle of formation new species of plants and centers of preservation of relects. The Caucasus with island" relic endemism achieving 42%, is one of such floristic centers in the northern hemisphere. Especially interesting is Kolhida refuge, amphitheatre of mountains on east Black Sea country. It stands in one row with Ussury, California an Appalachia refuges of temperate floras of northern hemisphere with Mediterranean-mountain-botanic-geographic region, marked by Kolakovsky. Riches of Kolhida flora by endemic taxa (39% from Caucasian ones) are doubled by obligatory limestone flora, owing to the presence of large and high rock limestone massives. Ectopologica analysis limestone flora endemics (125 species) showed that absolute majority of them are stenotopic litofils and hasmofits. There's evidence of antiquity and autochtonism of endemic floral nucleus of Kolhida, that are underlined by dominion endemic phytolandscape of a large scale. Such territories demand international status of protection as centers of genofon of the planet.