XVI International Botanical Congess

Modern area of Fagus sylvatica L. includes all western Europe, north part of southern Europe and western part of east Europe. According to our investigation time of the greatest expansion of Fagus sylvatica L. goes back to the fifth phase of development. Beech-trees take the place of hornbeam-trees, compete with spruce and form their own forest=s zone in Ukrainian Carpathian. This zone stretched out much more higher than modern top border of beech growth. The formation of Fageta sylvaticae of the north-east slope of Ukrainian Carpathian consists of 7 subformations, 25 ecological groups of associations and 39 indigenous associations. The most common is subformation of Piceeto-Abieto-Fagetum, which occupies approximately 50 percent of all area of beech=s forests. In the formation of Fageta sylvaticae the most widely-distributed associations are that with predominate of such species: Galium odoratum (L.) Scop., Dentaria glandulosa Waldst. et Kit., etc. Such associations as Fagetum pteridiosum, F. vincosum, and some other are rare not only in this region but also in all mountain forest of Eastern Europe.