XVI International Botanical Congess

Composition and structure of nine types of forest and four types of tundra were described for representing the general vegetation style, based on field investigation in north slope of Changbai Mountain, northeast China. The vegetation had the typical zonal differentiation vertically: Deciduous (below 500 m asl), broad-leaved-conifer mixed (500-1100 m asl), coniferous (1100-1700 m asl), Betula ermanii forest zones and tundra zone dominated by different species. The evergreen components in forest vegetation were increased along elevation up to the upper limit of coniferous forest zone, and disappeared in the highest forest zone of birch forest. The species richness was significantly related to elevation. The reducing rates, towards the higher elevation, were the same for tree and shrub species, 1.2 species per 100 m, and about 3.2 species per 100 m for herb layer.