XVI International Botanical Congess

Four Bombus pollination syndromes, both nototribic-nectar and sternotribic-pollen, were found in 18 Pedicularis species. No plant-pollinator specificity occurred in 8 Bombus species . Pollinator dependence was demonstrated in 3 Pedicularis species by insect exclosures. Long-tubed Pedicularis were not lepidopteran-pollinated. Corbicular pollen load analysis indicated a moderate degree of pollen-foraging fidelity. The Pedicularis-Bombus reproductive association is considered to be evolutionarily coadaptive.