XVI International Botanical Congess

It was known that heterosis is the result of interaction of non-allele genes, though it also depends on the balance of additive effects, dominance etc. The aim of research is to study the effects of allele and non-allele gene interactions, under contrasting environment. The experiments were held at three places, which differ widely in altitude, rainfall and temperature. It was shown that the effects of gene interactions are different depending on growing zones and crossing combination. Depending on the combination of crosses and test location, the heterosis, determined either by allele gene effects or by non-allele gene effects, or by summary effects of both types of gene interactions, was observed. The advantages of hybrids and heterosis are manifested just in variable environmental conditions, including the unfavorable ones. The heterosis effect manifested itself especially strongly in the extreme ecological conditions. The superior high-yielding hybrids adapted germplasm of wheat tailored to distinct environments.