XVI International Botanical Congess

An overview of the social, religious and ritual traditions of the ancient Tamils on Conservation of Biodiversity, is the purpose of this paper. Three areas / sites designated as Sacred Groves (Kattu Koil, Kavu, Pazhamuthir Cholai, Koil Thopu in Tamil) have been selected for the above study. A careful inventory of the conserved trees, shrubs, herbs, climbers, creepers and weeds of the selected areas has been recorded systematically. The various theological, ritual and cultural phenomena that motivated the ancient Tamils to preserve Nature have been analyzed and discussed. Conclusions are drawn for the present generation looking for the dawn of the third millennium to emulate their spirit of Conservation of Biodiversity today. Key words: Biodiversity, Conservation, Sacred Groves, Tamils.