XVI International Botanical Congess

The vegetative way of reproduction is the only way of regeneration for Acorus calamus in Europe and Asia. This research is attempting to find a reason for incompliant of generative way of reproduction. The palynological analysis showed that 60-70% of plant's pollen is damaged or deformed. Kariological study showed, that the plant is aneuploid (chromosomes content is 2n+33, 34). We consider this as the main reason of discrepancy. The unbalanced situation with the number of chromosomes leads to breach of the division process, and appearance of not functional gametes. The maximal content of essential oils 5.3% was fixed in July, and the minimum 3.5%, in May. It is 2.7 times over the requirements of the State pharmacopoeia. The roots of the plant can also be used for production of additional quantities of essential oils.