XVI International Botanical Congess

The nine genera and 60+ species of Juglandaceae constitute a closely knit family based upon a suite of vegetative and floral characters. Phylogenetic analysis of three previously unpublished data sets was used to address the evolution of fruit morphology and biogeography of the family with complete sampling, including intrageneric exemplars, the Asian taxa Cyclocarya and Annamocarya, and the outgroup Rhoiptelea. Molecular data resolved three clades, (Engelhardia - (Alfaroa + Oreomunnea)), (Annamocarya + Carya), (Platycarya - (Juglans*- (Cyclocarya + Pterocarya))), with the black walnuts strongly supported as sister to Pterocarya + Cyclocarya. The strength of this inference is not consonant with traditional groupings, thus suggesting that molecular data must be combined with morphology to accurately resolve phylogenetic relationships.