XVI International Botanical Congess

The taxonomic revision of Brazilian species of Philodendron sect. Calostigma (Araceae)is presented, including for each species, descriptions, figures and comentary variously for the species which includes aspects of nomenclature, typification, ecology, floral biology, phenology and cultivation. Keys to the species of sect. Calostigma and to the subgenera of the genus are given. The section is represented in Brazil by 27 species, two of which are recognized as new to the Science. A biogeographic analysis shows that the section occurs throughout the national territory but is concentrated mainly in two centers of genetic diversity, the Amazon Basin and the Southeast of Brazil in the Atlantic Forest. 48% of the species are endemic to a single region within Brazil or even to a single locality.