XVI International Botanical Congess

Analyses of rbcL sequences place Euphorbiaceae, s.l. (Webster, 1994) into Malpighiales and indicate familial dismemberment into at least 5 separate lineages: Pandaceae, Putranjivaceae, Paradrypetes, uniovulate subfamilies (Acalyphoideae, Crotonoideae and Euphorbioideae), and biovulate subfamilies (Oldfieldioideae and Phyllanthoideae). Apetalous Crotonoideae with aperturate pollen should be recognized as a separate subfamily which includes Omphalea. By excluding Stomatocalyceae, Euphorbioideae is monophyletic with sister pseudanthial and non-pseudanthial clades. Acalyphoideae are paraphyletic and the relationships of Acalypha are especially unresolved. Palynological and leaf anatomical data are partly in concordance with higher level relationships indicated by rbcL.