XVI International Botanical Congess

The ndhF sequences from 85 taxa were determined to address phylogenetic questions on Magnoliaceae. Nucleotide substitutions reach to 2.46% in the family. Magnolia macrophylla and M. dealbata of sect. Rytidospermum are placed at the base, but others of the section are allied with sect. Oyama. Section Gynopodium forms a clade with Pachylarnax and sect. Mangliastrum. Michellia, Elmerrillia, and sects. Maingola and Alcimandra of gen. Magnolia are closely related to subgen. Yulania and Pachylarnax–,sect. Manglietiastrum–,sect. Gynopodium clade. Sections Bulimia and Aromadendron are allied with sects. Gwillimia and Lirianthe. Section Magnolia is nested in sect. Theorhodon. Molecular data provide considerably different views from classifications based on morphology, which suggests that current taxonomic schemes should be reexamined.