Anomochloa Brongn.
Habit, vegetative morphology. Perennial; rhizomatous and caespitose. Culms 3050 cm high; herbaceous; unbranched above. Culm internodes solid. Rhizomes pachymorph. Leaves mostly basal; auriculate (on the sheaths); without auricular setae. Leaf blades narrowly lanceolate (to oblong-lanceolate); broad; (40)60100 mm wide (1840 cm long); cordate; flat; pseudopetiolate (the petioles up to 25 cm); palmately veined; cross veined; seemingly persistent (but more or less articulated); rolled in bud; a fringe of hairs. Contra-ligule absent.
Reproductive organization. Plants bisexual, with bisexual spikelets; with hermaphrodite florets.
Inflorescence. Inflorescence spicate, cymoid, with 25 spikelets in the axil of each bract; spatheate (and spatheolate); a complex of partial inflorescences and intervening foliar organs. Spikelet-bearing axes persistent. Spikelets solitary; secund (in the partial inflorescences); pedicellate.
Female-fertile spikelets. Spikelets unconventional (apparently lacking glumes, exhibiting an upper and a lower bract and a perigonate annulus, all presenting interpretive problems). Rachilla terminated by a female-fertile floret.
Glumes absent. Spikelets with female-fertile florets only.
Female-fertile florets 1. Lemmas (if the lower bract is seen as such) leathery, ovate, tessellate-nerved; not becoming indurated; non-carinate; without a germination flap; many nerved. Palea (if the upper bract be so interpreted) present; forming a closed tube below, enclosing the flower; several nerved; keel-less. Lodicules present; joined (confluent, in the form of an annulus - if the annulus be so interpreted); ciliate (in that the annulus is fringed). Stamens 4. Anthers 35 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Stigmas 1.
Fruit, embryo and seedling. Fruit medium sized (up to 10 mm long); oblong to rectangular; shallowly longitudinally grooved; compressed laterally. Hilum long-linear. Embryo large (nearly as long as the fruit). Endosperm containing compound starch grains. Embryo with an epiblast; with a scutellar tail (inconspicuous); with a negligible mesocotyl internode. Embryonic leaf margins meeting.
Abaxial leaf blade epidermis. Costal/intercostal zonation conspicuous. Papillae absent. Intercostal zones exhibiting many atypical long-cells (rather short). Mid-intercostal long-cells having markedly sinuous walls. Microhairs present; more or less spherical to elongated; clearly two-celled; panicoid-type; (74)8090(115) microns long. Microhair apical cells (45)4860(63) microns long. Microhair apical cell/total length ratio about 0.64. Stomata common. Subsidiaries low dome-shaped and triangular. Intercostal short-cells common; in cork/silica-cell pairs; silicified. Intercostal silica bodies tall-and-narrow. Costal short-cells neither distinctly grouped into long rows nor predominantly paired (in series of 24). Costal silica bodies horizontally-elongated smooth and rounded.
Transverse section of leaf blade, physiology. C3; XyMS+. Mesophyll with non-radiate chlorenchyma; with arm cells; with fusoids. The fusoids external to the PBS. Leaf blade blade with slight ribs and furrows adaxially. Midrib conspicuous (projecting adaxial rib); having complex vascularization (a large abaxial bundle, and 2 smaller ones in a line above it). Bulliforms present in discrete, regular adaxial groups to not present in discrete, regular adaxial groups; in groups of the irregular type. All the vascular bundles accompanied by sclerenchyma. Combined sclerenchyma girders present; forming figures (incomplete anchors). Sclerenchyma all associated with vascular bundles.
Special diagnostic feature. Inflorescence of 23 glumeless, bracteate spikelets, the lodicules represented by a fringed annulus.
Cytology. Chromosome base number, x = 9. 2n = 36.
Taxonomy. Bambusoideae; Oryzodae; Anomochloeae.
Distribution, ecology, phytogeography. 1 species; tropical America. Shade species. In forests.
Neotropical. Central Brazilian.
References, etc. Morphological/taxonomic: Judziewcz and Soderstrom 1989. Leaf anatomical: Metcalfe 1960, Judziewcz and Soderstrom 1989.
Cite this publication as: Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M. J. (1992 onwards). ‘Grass Genera of the World: Descriptions, Illustrations, Identification, and Information Retrieval; including Synonyms, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Phytochemistry, Cytology, Classification, Pathogens, World and Local Distribution, and References.’ http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/. Version: 18th August 1999. Dallwitz (1980), Dallwitz, Paine and Zurcher (1993 onwards, 1998), and Watson and Dallwitz (1994), and Watson, Dallwitz, and Johnston (1986) should also be cited (see References).